China: The Khan’s Legacy, Yuan Dynasty
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What's included in this test?
- This test provides powerful, innovative, and interactive DNA-based tools to help you explore your ancestors from China during the Yuan Dynasty (1299 AD–1371 AD). This period marks the rule of the Mongol Empire over China, when the legacy of Genghis Khan reshaped governance, population structure, and connectivity across Eurasia—integrating China into the largest contiguous empire in history.
- Discover how closely you are related to China: The Khan’s Legacy. Yuan Dynasty (1299 AD–1371 AD), individuals associated with populations living under Mongol rule—imperial administrators, Mongol and Central Asian elites, soldiers, artisans, merchants, and local Chinese communities shaped by conquest, resettlement policies, ethnic stratification, and unprecedented long-distance mobility across the empire:
- Receive a detailed breakdown of your ancient geographical origins, including interactive ancestry maps showing where your ancestors lived, served, migrated, or were resettled across Yuan China. This includes the Central Plains, northern steppe-influenced regions, major capitals such as Dadu (Beijing), and key corridors linking China with Central Asia and the wider Mongol world. You will also see your exact genetic similarity to each individual included in this Yuan-period dataset, reflecting admixture, migration, and imperial integration.
- Compare your DNA with over 50 worldwide modern populations.
- Journey back more than 700 years to reconnect with people who lived during an age of empire without borders—when Mongol rule transformed China’s demographic makeup, facilitated transcontinental exchange, and left a lasting genetic and cultural legacy across Eurasia.
- Help us reconstruct population structure, forced and voluntary migration, and Eurasian genetic exchange during the Yuan Dynasty using the power of ancient DNA.
- Meet the Yuan Dynasty — When the Khan’s Empire Reached China, this can be Your Story.
- Basic test includes 5 members.
- Advanced test includes 15 members. Best Deal: Unlock access to a broader collection of ancient Chinese, Mongol, and medieval Eurasian DNA tests with our compendium: China: The post-Han Empire of the Dragon
About the test
China: The Khan’s Legacy — Yuan Dynasty (1299 AD–1371 AD)
Enter the age of conquest, integration, and imperial scale unlike anything China had experienced before. The Yuan dynasty, founded by the Mongols, reshaped Eurasia through military power, administrative innovation, and unprecedented connectivity across continents. This test explores your genetic connections to populations living between 1299 AD and 1371 AD, during the mature and final phases of Yuan rule in China.
These individuals lived at the heart of a world empire: soldiers and frontier guards stationed along vital corridors, administrators overseeing vast multiethnic populations, pastoral and agricultural communities sustaining imperial logistics, and mobile groups whose lives were shaped by Mongol expansion and long-distance movement across Inner Asia.
Historical context
Under the Yuan, China became an integral part of a transcontinental empire stretching from Eastern Europe to the Pacific. Mongol rulers preserved many Chinese administrative practices while introducing new systems of governance, taxation, and social classification. The result was a highly stratified but deeply interconnected society, marked by mobility, cultural exchange, and demographic mixing on a scale previously unseen.
The northwest frontier, including the Ili Valley and adjacent corridors in modern Xinjiang, was central to Yuan power. These regions functioned as arteries linking China proper with Mongolia, Central Asia, and the western khanates. Military roads, relay stations, and frontier settlements ensured the movement of troops, goods, and people, leaving a lasting imprint on the genetic landscape of the region.
Collected and reconstructed from:
What these populations represent
Together, these sites capture the human reality of Yuan-era China:
This is not merely a test of conquest—but of connection, movement, and imperial integration.
This test reveals:
Perfect for:
Your personalized report includes:
Discover your DNA from the Yuan dynasty— the people who carried the legacy of the Khans across China and beyond.
Enter the age of conquest, integration, and imperial scale unlike anything China had experienced before. The Yuan dynasty, founded by the Mongols, reshaped Eurasia through military power, administrative innovation, and unprecedented connectivity across continents. This test explores your genetic connections to populations living between 1299 AD and 1371 AD, during the mature and final phases of Yuan rule in China.
These individuals lived at the heart of a world empire: soldiers and frontier guards stationed along vital corridors, administrators overseeing vast multiethnic populations, pastoral and agricultural communities sustaining imperial logistics, and mobile groups whose lives were shaped by Mongol expansion and long-distance movement across Inner Asia.
Historical context
Under the Yuan, China became an integral part of a transcontinental empire stretching from Eastern Europe to the Pacific. Mongol rulers preserved many Chinese administrative practices while introducing new systems of governance, taxation, and social classification. The result was a highly stratified but deeply interconnected society, marked by mobility, cultural exchange, and demographic mixing on a scale previously unseen.
The northwest frontier, including the Ili Valley and adjacent corridors in modern Xinjiang, was central to Yuan power. These regions functioned as arteries linking China proper with Mongolia, Central Asia, and the western khanates. Military roads, relay stations, and frontier settlements ensured the movement of troops, goods, and people, leaving a lasting imprint on the genetic landscape of the region.
Collected and reconstructed from:
- G218 (Xinjiang, Yili Region, Nileke County), A strategic corridor site reflecting sustained mobility, military logistics, and imperial connectivity during the Yuan period.
- Junmachanyilian (Xinjiang, Yili Region, Tekesi County), Ili Valley communities illustrating frontier life under Mongol administration and long-distance integration.
What these populations represent
Together, these sites capture the human reality of Yuan-era China:
- Frontier populations embedded in Mongol imperial infrastructure
- High mobility driven by military, administrative, and trade networks
- Interaction between Mongol, Inner Asian, and Chinese communities
- The demographic imprint of Eurasian-scale empire
This is not merely a test of conquest—but of connection, movement, and imperial integration.
This test reveals:
- The genetic profile of populations living under the Yuan dynasty
- Signals of Inner Asian and Mongol-linked ancestry in frontier regions
- Demographic mixing along major imperial corridors
- The population legacy of Mongol rule in China
Perfect for:
- Individuals with East Asian, Central Asian, or Mongolic ancestry
- Those interested in the Mongol Empire and Yuan China
- Enthusiasts of Silk Road and transcontinental history
- Anyone seeking DNA insight into the age of the Great Khans
Your personalized report includes:
- Direct genetic comparison to Yuan-era individuals from China’s northwest frontier
- mtDNA and Y-DNA haplogroups associated with Mongol-period populations
- Affinity analysis highlighting links to Inner Asian and imperial networks
- Archaeological and historical context covering conquest, governance, and connectivity
Discover your DNA from the Yuan dynasty— the people who carried the legacy of the Khans across China and beyond.
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Why take this test
Up until 2010, reading the DNA of ancient people was a dream. Since then, the DNA of a Neanderthal who lived over 30,000 years ago has been sequenced. After that reading, the DNA of ancient people who lived from 15,000 BC to 1,800 AD all over the world became the main object of paleogenomic research. This leap forward in technology allowed the creation of a new type of DNA test — tests that do not use modern-day populations as stand-ins for the ancient tribes but rather go right to the source and study these ancient peoples themselves.
The Ancient DNA Hub DNA test is the first next-generation DNA test. It is designed solely using the DNA of ancient people throughout history using our novel technologies.
With this test, you will receive a precise ancient ethnicity estimate with far greater geographical details than you could imagine. You will make new connections with historical people and places where your ancestors lived, walked, battled, created, and dreamed thousands of years ago. Using genetic data and evidence from history and archeology, we can revive the past and allow you to take part in this story at the most personal level.
The Ancient DNA Hub DNA test is the first next-generation DNA test. It is designed solely using the DNA of ancient people throughout history using our novel technologies.
With this test, you will receive a precise ancient ethnicity estimate with far greater geographical details than you could imagine. You will make new connections with historical people and places where your ancestors lived, walked, battled, created, and dreamed thousands of years ago. Using genetic data and evidence from history and archeology, we can revive the past and allow you to take part in this story at the most personal level.
